AEM	Alkaline anion exchange membrane
APTES	Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane
ATRA	Atom transfer radical addition
ADMFCs	Alkaline direct methanol fuel cells
Ba	Benzoxazine
BisPFPPO-OH	Bis ((p-hydroxy- tetrafluoro) phenyl) phenyl phosphine oxide
Bisphenol-AF	Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane
BM	Blend membrane
BPPO	Bromomethylated poly phenylene oxide
BrPEEK	Bromomethylated poly ether ether ketone
cSMMs	Charged surface modified macromolecules
CS	Chitosan
CCSM 110	Chitosan Sulfate Composite Membranes
C30B	Cloisite 30B
cSPAES	Cross-linked sulfonated poly arylene ether sulfone
DCDPS	Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
DS	Degree of sulfonation
DMFCs	Direct methanol fuel cells
FSiO2	Functionalization of silica
GA	Glutaraldehyde
GPTMS	Glycidoxy propyl trimethoxysilane
G-POSS	Glycidyl ether of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes
SGO	Sulfonated Graphene oxide
g-C3N4	Graphitic carbon nitride
HTPEM	High temperature proton exchange membranes
HGMs	Hollow glass microspheres
IEC	Ion-exchange capacity
ICPTES	Isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane
MEAs	Membrane electrode assemblies
MPTES	Mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane
MPTMS	Mercaptopropyl- trimethoxysilane
MSiSQ	Mesoporous organosilicate
MOR	Mordenite
NM	Nanocomposites membranes
NMP	N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
NPHCs	N-phthaloyl chitosan
OCV	Open circuit voltage
PEM	Polymer electrolyte membrane
PEMFCs	Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells
PA	Phosphoric acid
PBa	Polybenzoxazine
PWA-IL	Phosphotungstate
PWA	Phosphotungstic Acid
AMPS	Poly 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl Propanesulfonic Acid
ABPBI	Poly 2,5-Benzimidazole
AM-POSS	Octa Ammonium Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxane
PES 70	Poly Ether Sulfone 70
PFPPO-OH	Bis (P-Hydroxy- Tetrafluoro) Phenyl) Phenyl Phosphine Oxide
PPEES	Poly Phenylene Ether Ether Sulfone
PSSA	Poly Styrene Sulfonic Acid
PVA	Poly Vinyl Alcohol
PVDF	Poly Vinylidene Fluoride
PVDF-HFP	Poly Vinylidene Fluoride-Co-Hexafluoro Propylene
PBI	Polybenzimidazole
PES	Polyethersulfone
PEFC	Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
PSSA	Polystyrene Sulfonic Acid
PU	Polyurethane
PCS	Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan
PVB	Polyvinyl Butyral
PEMFCs	Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
PEMs	Proton Exchange Membranes
PMAV	Poly Methacrylic Acid-2-Acrylamido- 2-Methyl-1-Propanesulfimponic Acid-Vinyltriethoxysilicone
QCS	Quaternized Chitosan
RH	Relative Humidity
Semi-IPN	Semi-Interpenetrating Network
Si-PWA	Silica Immobilized Phosphotungstic Acid
SisPS/A	Silicon-Containing Sulfonated Polystyrene/Acrylate
SFBC	Sulfonated Fluorinated Block Copolymer
SGO	Sulfonated Graphene oxide
SPVDF-co-HFP	Sulfonated Poly Vinylidene Fluoride-Co-Hexafluoro Propylene
SPEES	Sulfonated Poly1,4-Phenylene Ether-Ether-Sulfone
SPAES	Sulfonated Polyarylene Ether Ketones
SPAEKS	Sulfonated Poly Arylene Ether Ketone Sulfone
SPEEK	Sulfonated Poly Ether Ether Ketone
SPEKES	Sulfonated Poly Ether Ketone Ether Sulfone
SPES	Sulfonated Poly Ether Sulfone
CBrSPIBIs	Sulfonated Poly Imide- Benzimidazole
SPPO	Sulfonated Poly Phenylene Oxide
sPAEK	Sulfonated Poly Arylene Ether Ketone
SPAni	Sulfonated Polyaniline
SPI	Sulfonated Polyimide
SPIBI	Sulfonated Polyimides Containing Benzimidazole
s-Poly	Sulfonated Polymer
SPSU	Sulfonated Polysulfone
SSA	Sulfosuccinic Acid
SPSF	Sulphonated Polysulphone
TBT	Tetrabutyl Titanate
TEOS	Tetraethoxysilane
VBIm-Br	Vinyl-3-Butylimdazolium- Bromide
VPSIm-Cl	Vinyl-Propyl-Triethoxy Silane Imidazolium Chloride