Figure 2.

Effect of curcumin and glucose restriction on the protein level of transporters, enzymes regulating pHi, and the energy regulator AMPK. HepG2 cells were cultivated under the conditions indicated in the legend of Figure 1, and immunoblotting was performed using appropriate antibodies to NHE1, MCT1, MCT4, ATP5A, v-ATPase1, p-AMPK, and AMPK, respectively. β-Actin was used as a loading control. The experiment was conducted three times independently. Con, standard RPMI-1640 medium; Cur, curcumin; GR, glucose restriction, 5.5 mM glucose medium; GR Cur, glucose restriction plus curcumin.