CR	calorie restriction
GR	glucose restriction
IGF-1	insulin-like growth factor 1
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
AMPK	AMP-dependent protein kinase
pHi	intracellular pH
MCT	monocarboxylate transporter
NHE1	Na+/H+ exchanger-1
v-ATPase	vacuolar H+-ATPase
pHe	extracellular pH
mTORC1	mTOR complex-1
4EBP1	4E-binding protein 1
HIF-1	hypoxia inducible factor-1
GTP	guanosine triphosphate
PMA	phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate
FBS	fetal bovine serum
SDS-PAGE	sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
TBS-T	tris-buffered saline with 0.1% Tween 20
PBS	phosphate-buffered saline
BCECF	2’,7’bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester
SEs	standard errors
ANOVA	analysis of variance