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. 2019 May 25;20(10):2566. doi: 10.3390/ijms20102566

Figure 3.

Figure 3

MSCs regulate tumor cell cancer-associated epithelial to mesenchymal transition (cEMT) in multiple levels. MSCs promote tumor cells via direct contact, or secretome, including cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. Also, MSCs and tumor hybrid cells acquire mesenchymal or stemness. Moreover, many other factors, such as angiogenesis, autophagy, acidic, or hypoxia, contribute to tumor cells’ cEMT. The image was generated with Affinity Designer 1.6.1.