| NPs | Nanoparticles |
| ROS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| AuNPs | Gold nanoparticles |
| AgNPs | Silver NPs |
| MSSA | Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus |
| MRSA | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| MIC | Minimum inhibitory concentration |
| ZnO-NPs | Zinc oxide nanoparticles |
| TiO2 NPs | Titanium dioxide nanoparticles |
| UV | Ultraviolet |
| NO-NPs | Nitric oxide nanoparticles |