Table 1.
Characteristics of the selected studies.
| First Author, Year | Country | Regimen | Sample Size (Male,Female) |
Treatment Duration | Study Design | Age (years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bellizzi, 2006 [14] | Italy | T: KAVLP (1 pill/5 kg/day) C: FD |
T: 30 C: 23 |
3–6 months | Non-RCT | T: 58.0 ± 16.1 C: 56.3 ± 15.6 |
| Bernhard, 2000 [15] | France | T: KALP (1 pill/5 kg/day) C: Placebo |
T: 6 (4,2) C: 6 (6,0) |
3 months | RCT | T: 49.5 ± 7.0 C: 39.0 ± 5.8 |
| Feiten, 2005 [16] | Brazil | T: KAVLP (1 pill/5 kg/day) C: Placebo |
T: 12 (7,5) C: 12 (8,4) |
4 months | RCT | T: 49.7 ± 11.3 C: 43.9 ± 16.3 |
| Garneata, 2016 [7] | Romania | T: KAVLP (1 pill/5 kg/day) C: Placebo |
T: 104 C: 103 |
12 months | RCT | NA |
| Hecking, 1980 [17] | Germany | T: KALP (1.05 g/10 kg/day) C: Placebo |
T: 15 (7,8) C: 15 (7,8) |
6 weeks | Non-RCT | T: 43.7 ± 12.6 C: 43.7 ± 12.6 |
| Klahr, 1994 (HBP) [18] | USA | T: KAVLP (0.28 g/kg/day) C: Placebo |
T: 61 C: 62 |
18–45 months | RCT | NA |
| Klahr, 1994 (LBP) [18] | USA | T: KAVLP (0.28 g/kg/day) C: Placebo |
T: 65 C: 67 |
18–45 months | RCT | NA |
| Malvy, 1999 [19] | France | T: KAVLP (0.17 g/kg/day) C: Placebo |
T: 25 (11,14) C: 25 (10,15) |
3 months | RCT | T: 53.6 ± 11.0 C: 56.0 ± 14.0 |
| Milovanova, 2018 [20] | Russian Federation | T: KALP (0.1 g/kg/day) C: Placebo |
T: 42 C: 37 |
14 months | RCT | NA |
| Mircescu, 2007 [21] | Romania | T: KAVLP (1 pill/5 kg/day) C: Placebo |
T: 27 (17,10) C: 26 (15,11) |
15 months | RCT | T: 55.0 ± 12.7 C: 53.6 ± 11.0 |
| Prakash, 2004 [22] | India | T: KAVLP (1 pill/5 kg/day) C: Placebo |
T: 18 (10,8) C: 16 (7,9) |
9 months | RCT | T: 52.8 ± 14.1 C: 55.9 ± 17.6 |
| Qiu, 2012 [23] | China | T: KAVLP (1 pill/5 kg/day) C: Placebo |
T: 12 C: 11 |
52 months | RCT | T: 63.0 ± 8.9 C: 61.60 ± 9.67 |
| Teplan, 2008 [24] | Czech | T: KAVLP (0.1 g/5 kg/day) C: Placebo |
T: 66 C: 65 |
36 months | RCT | T: 52 ± 7 C: 52 ± 7 |
HBP: usual blood pressure; LBP: low blood pressure; KAVLP: ketoanalogues supplemented with very-low-protein diet; KALP: ketoanalogues supplemented with low-protein diet; RCT: randomized control trial; FD: free diet; P: placebo; T: treatment group; C: control group; NA: not applicable.