Table 3.
Relationship between the components of the Mediterranean diet and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus.
| Components of the MD | cOR | (95 % CI) | aOR | (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vegetables | |||||
| ≥Median | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |
| <Median | 1.15 | (0.89 , 1.49) | 0.95 | (0.69 , 1.29) | 0.753 |
| Fruits | |||||
| ≥Median | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |
| <Median | 1.17 | (0.91, 1.52) | 0.84 | (0.62, 1.14) | 0.282 |
| Legumes | |||||
| ≥Median | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |
| <Median | 0.87 | (0.67, 1.13) | 0.75 | (0.55, 1.01) | 0.066 |
| Cereals | |||||
| ≥Median | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |
| <Median | 1.00 | (0.78, 1.30) | 0.79 | (0.58, 1.06) | 0.125 |
| Fish | |||||
| ≥Median | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |
| <Median | 1.00 | (0.78, 1.30) | 0.81 | (0.61, 1.08) | 0.163 |
| Dairy products | |||||
| ≥Median | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |
| <Median | 1.28 | (0.99, 1.66) | 1.25 | (0.95, 1.64) | 0.104 |
| Meat and derivatives | |||||
| ≥Median | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |
| <Median | 0.53 | (0.41, 0.70) * | 0.56 | (0.42, 0.74) * | 0.000 |
| Ratio of monounsaturated/saturated lipids | |||||
| ≥Median | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |
| <Median | 1.35 | (1.04, 1.74) * | 1.13 | (0.85, 1.51) | 0.381 |
| Ethanol | |||||
| <5 and >25 g/day | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | |
| 5–25 g/day | 0.67 | (0.26, 1.73) | 0.61 | (0.21, 1.74) | 0.361 |
cOR: crude odds ratio; aOR: adjusted odds ratio, adjusted for age, BMI, family history DM, previous GDM, miscarriages, gravidity, total energy intake, and leisure time physical activity. * Significant association p < 0.05. g/day: grams/day.