Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 May 27;20(10):2603. doi: 10.3390/ijms20102603

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

A model of the role of adenosine in the crosstalk among MCs, MDSCs and Treg in the tumor microenvironment (TME). According to this model, MCs migrate to and are activated in the TME; the activated MCs release a panel of factors that influence the attraction and activity of MDSCs and Treg cells (For details see [20,62,64]). In addition, MCs are directly activated by the cancer cells leading to adenosine production and autocrine/paracrine activation of the MCs. Adenosine signaling, that is mediated by the A3R, then leads to the release of angiogenic and tissue remodeling factors, including interleukin 8 (IL8), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), amphiregulin (AREG) and Secreted Phosphoprotein 1(SPP1, osteopontin) that influence tumor progression.