Table 1.

Obesity-related diseases associated with hypoadiponectinemia.

Diseases	Findings
Hypertension	Obese patients suffering from hypertension display lower adiponectin.
Atherosclerosis	Higher incidences of cardiovascular events are associated with lower hypoadiponectinemia.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome	OSAS (Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome) patients revealed lower expression level of adiponectin compared to control patients.
Diabetic retinopathy	T2DM patients with diabetic retinopathy have lower levels of adiponectin compared to T2DM patients without diabetic retinopathy.
Cancer	Multiple evidences suggest low adiponectin levels are associated with the threat of developing several types of cancers.
Metabolic syndrome	Metabolic syndrome represents a group of complications like obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Enhancement of metabolic syndrome components is associated with a decrease in adiponectin concentration in plasma [88].
Dyslipidemia	Disorder of lipid metabolism leading to high levels of LDL, serum triglycerides, and decreased levels of HDL. Inverse association exists between adiponectin level with LDL and serum triglycerides with a positive association with HDL levels [89].
Hepatic disease non-alcoholic fat	Inverse association exists between adiponectin level in liver with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as well as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [90].