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. 2019 May 24;20(10):2546. doi: 10.3390/ijms20102546

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effect of hypoxia on transcription factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression in HDFs. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses of (A) HIF-1α, (B) TGF-β1, (C) connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and (D) type I collagen mRNA 48 h after hypoxia exposure, as compared to a normoxia control group. (E) The amount of deposited collagen relative to total protein concentration was elevated in HDFs 0, 12, and 48 h after hypoxia exposure; DAPI (blue), α-SMA (green), type I collagen (red). Results are representative of three independent experiments, scale bar = 50 µM. Data are shown as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.