ACE	Angiotensin-converting enzyme
AXOS	Arabinoxylan oligosaccharides
BF	Burkina Faso
BMI	Body mass index
BP	Blood pressure
CK	Creatine kinase
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
CRP	C-reactive protein
CV	Cardiovascular
CysC	Cystatin C
DKD	Diabetic kidney disease
DM	Diabetes mellitus
DMB	3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol
e-GFR	Estimated glomerular filtration rate
Egr1	Early growth response protein 1
EH	Essential hypertension
EPO	Erythropoietin
EU	European Union
F/B	Firmicutes to Bacteroides ratio
FAO	Food Agricultural Organization
FBG	Fasting blood glucose
FBI	Fasting blood insulin
FDY	Freeze-dried powdered yacon
FetA	Fetuin A
FFAs	Free fatty acids
FMT	Fecal microbiota transplant
FOS	Fructooligosaccharides
GF	Germ-free
GLP1	Glucagon-like peptide-1
Gpr41	G protein receptor 41
GSH	Glutathione
GVNA	Gastric vagal nerve activity
HbA1c	Glycated hemoglobin
HD	Hemodialysis
HDL	High-density lipoprotein
HFD	High-fat diet
HFF	High fructose fed
HIF	Ipoxia-inducible factor
HOMA	Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
hs-CRP	High-sensitivity C-ractive protein
HT	Hydroxytyrosol
HTN	Arterial hypertension
IAA	Indole 3-acetic acid
Ile-Pro-Pro	Isoleucyl–prolyl–proline
IS	Indoxyl sulfate
ISAPP	International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics
K-DOQI	Kidney-Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative
KDQOL	Kidney Disease Quality of Life
KIM-1	Kidney injury molecule-1
KTR	Kidney transplant recipients
L-NAME	Nitro-L-arginine methylester
LcS	Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota
LDL	Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
LFD	Low-fat diet
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
MDA	Malondialdehyde
MGWAS	Metagenome-wide association study
MHP	Microbiome Human Project
NADPH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NCD	Chronic non-communicable diseases
NEFA	Non-esterified fatty acid
NO	Nitric oxide
Olfr78	Olfactory receptor 78
PAG	Phenylacetylglutamine
PCG	p-cresyl glucuronide
PCS	p-cresyl sulphate
PD	Peritoneal dialysis
pHTN	pre-hypertension
PTC	Plasma total cholesterol
QUICKI	Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, determining insulin sensitivity
R	Dahl salt-resistant
RCTs	Randomized clinical trials
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RS	Resistant starch
RSNA	Renal sympathetic nerve activity
S	Dahl salt-sensitive
SCFAs	Short chain fatty acids
SHR	Spontaneously hypertensive rats
SIRT1	Sirtuin1
SMAD3	Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3
TBARS	Thiobarbituric acid reactive species
TG	Triglycerides
TGF	Transforming growth factor
TIMP1	Metallopeptidase inhibitor 1
TLRs	Toll-like receptors
TMAO	Trimethylamine-N-oxide
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-α
Val-Pro-Pro	Valyl–prolyl–proline
VLDL	Very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
WBC	White blood cell
WHO	World Health Organization