Figure 1.
The preliminary experiment, including design strategy, LSCM and time course of the redox related key factor for investigating the target of CPUL1. (A) Design of ROS inducer molecule CPUL1 with molecular hybridization strategy. (B) The distribution of CPUL1 in the Hep G2 cells. Hep G2 cells were stained with 2 μM CPUL1, 0.1 μM Mito Tracker Red CMXROS, and 0.1 μ Dihydrochloride (DAPI) for 30 min. (i) Ex = 488 nm for CPUL1. (ii) Ex = 580 nm for Mito Tracker Red CMXROS. (iii) Ex = 360 nm for DAPI. (iv) Merged images of (i) and (iii) in dark field. (v) Merged images of (i) and (iii) in bright field. (C) A summary plot displays the time relationships between the Trx1red/Trx1total ratio, ROS levels, GSH/GSSG ratio, NADPH lifetimes and ATP contents in Hep G2 cells treated with 2 μM of CPUL1.