Figure 5.

Effect of caloric restriction on the natural abundances of carbon stable isotopes in tissue protein-bound alanine (Ala, panel A), aspartate and asparagine (Asx, panel B), and glutamate and glutamine (Glx, panel C). Data are means ± standard error for ad libitum fed rats (AL group, ■, n = 8) or rats subjected to caloric restriction (CR group, □, n = 8). G muscle—gastrocnemius. p values in the box refer to the main effects and their interaction in the analysis of variance. ** and * indicate significant group effects at p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively, when controlling the false discovery rate at 10%.