Figure 3.
Apoptosis, inflammation, and proliferation alteration by Saffron in liver cells. Both cell lines and animal model data indicate that TNFα receptor alters in Kupper cells. This results in suppression of NF-κB signaling via suppressing the level of iNOS, COX-2, and IL-8. Cell cycle arrest caused by saffron via caspases activation (Figure modified from Amin et al., 2011 [45]).