Table 1.
Effects of homogenization time (HT), sonication time (ST), surfactant concentration (SC), and lipid concentration (LC) on size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential of empty cwSLNs.
| Variables | Size (nm) | PDI | ZP (-mv) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HT (min) | 20 | / | / | / |
| 30 | 729.4 ± 23.7 b | 0.538 ± 0.023 a | 23.9 ± 4.3 a,b | |
| 40 | 583.9 ± 30.2 c,d | 0.467 ± 0.043 b | 27.4 ± 3.2 a | |
| ST (min) | 4 | 626.6 ± 19.3 c | 0.428 ± 0.030 b,c | 25.7 ± 1.9 a,b |
| 6 | 532.7 ± 22.5 d | 0.376 ± 0.037 c | 24.1 ± 5.8 a,b | |
| 8 | 458.3 ± 25.0 e | 0.337 ± 0.029 c | 27.8 ± 4.2 a | |
| SC (%, w/v) | 1 | 664.6 ± 66.3 b,c | 0.361 ± 0.022 c | 19.2 ± 2.6 a,b |
| 3 | 450.8 ± 34.6 e | 0.332 ± 0.031 c | 24.8 ± 4.8 a,b | |
| 6 | 498.3 ± 31.6 d,e | 0.406 ± 0.048 b,c | 25.9 ± 5.1 a | |
| LC (%, w/v) | 0.5 | 950.7 ± 98.2 a | 0.553 ± 0. 023 a | 13.2 ± 8.2 b |
| 1 | 401.9 ± 21.3 f | 0.245 ± 0.018 d | 13.2 ± 8.2 b | |
| 1.5 | 475.8 ± 55.9 d,e | 0.402 ± 0.021 b,c | 20.4 ± 4.2 a,b |
Results were given as mean ± SD; n = 3. /, date were unable to be determined; a,b,c,d,e,f, data with different superscripts were significantly different (p < 0.05).