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. 2019 May 27;20(10):2591. doi: 10.3390/ijms20102591

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Study design. Human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were prepared in high-density aggregate cultures (2 × 105 cells/aggregate) and placed in defined chondrogenic medium overnight prior to direct transduction with the recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors (TGF-β/IGF-I, TGF-β/lacZ, IGF-I/lacZ: 40 µL each vector/aggregate; lacZ: 80 µL vector/aggregate). rAAV-transduced aggregates were maintained in the defined chondrogenic medium for 21 days and analyzed to detect transgene expression and for biochemical analyses, immunohistochemistry and histology, and real-time RT-PCR analyses.