Table 3.
Characteristics of the total study population (n = 174) and according to the grouping by diet score.
| Mean ± SD or n (%) | All Patients (n = 174) | Group I (n = 39) |
Group II (n = 106) | Group III (n = 29) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weeks after an AMI at inclusion | 0.994 | ||||
| 2 up to 4 weeks | 90 (52) | 21 (54) | 53 (50) | 16 (55) | |
| 4 up to 6 weeks | 41 (24) | 9 (23) | 25 (24) | 7 (24) | |
| 6–8 weeks | 43 (25) | 9 (23) | 28 (26) | 6 (21) | |
| Males | 124 (71.2) | 28 (71.8) | 78 (73.6) | 18 (62.1) | 0.371 |
| Age (years) | 75 ± 4 | 75 ± 4 | 74 ± 4 | 73 ± 3 | 0.403 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.11 ± 4.04 | 25.77 ± 3.68 | 26.33 ± 4.46 | 26.16 ± 3.54 | 0.803 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 139 ± 9 | 138 ± 23 | 139 ± 18 | 130 ± 14 | 0.092 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 75 ± 10 | 74 ± 11 | 76 ± 8 | 74 ± 10 | 0.651 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.88 ± 0.82 | 3.74 ± 0.90 | 3.87 ± 0.83 | 3.93 ± 0.74 | 0.410 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.38 ± 0.44 | 1.40 ± 0.52 | 1.37 ± 0.38 | 1.42 ± 0.45 | 0.973 |
| Total cholesterol/HDL ratio | 2.97 ± 0.85 | 2.79 ± 0.57 | 2.95 ± 0.82 | 2.95 ± 0.90 | 0.867 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.16 ± 0.64 | 2.05 ± 0.59 | 2.17 ± 0.64 | 2.2 ± 0.64 | 0.525 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.30 ± 0.84 | 1.20 ± 0.33 | 1.24 ± 0.57 | 1.40 ± 1.69 | 0.580 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 6.23 ± 1.97 | 5.93 ± 1.66 | 6.22 ± 1.89 | 5.76 ± 0.98 | 0.372 |
| HbA1C (%) | 6.14 ± 1.01 | 6.08 ± 0.78 | 6.19 ± 1.12 | 5.83 ± 0.71 | 0.246 |
| Previous hypertension | 103 (59.2) | 26 (66.7) | 56 (52.8) | 21 (72.4) | 0.400 |
| Previous dyslipidemia | 78 (44.8) | 15 (38.5) | 51 (48.1) | 12 (41.4) | 0.346 |
| Previous diabetes | 41 (23.6) | 10 (25.6) | 25 (23.6) | 6 (20.7) | 0.864 |
| Current smokers | 17 (9.8) | 7 (17.9) | 7 (6.6) | 3 (10.3) | 0.151 |
| Medication after AMI | |||||
| Acetylsalicylic acid | 166 (95.4) | 35 (89.7) | 102 (96.2) | 29 (100) | 0.228 |
| ADP receptor inhibitors | 163 (94.7) | 36 (92.3) | 100 (94.3) | 27 (93.1) | 0.885 |
| Statins | 170 (97.7) | 38 (97.4) | 103 (97.2) | 29 (100) | 0.692 |
| Beta blockers | 153 (87.9) | 34 (87.1) | 91 (85.8) | 28 (96.5) | 0.174 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 31 (17.8) | 7 (17.9) | 22 (20.7) | 2 (6.9) | 0.280 |
| ACE inhibitors | 58 (33.3) | 13 (33.3) | 36 (34.0) | 9 (31.0) | 0.931 |
| ARB | 44 (25.3) | 8 (20.5) | 30 (28.3) | 6 (20.7) | 0.522 |
| Nitrates | 21 (12.1) | 3 (7.7) | 16 (15.1) | 2 (6.9) | 0.283 |
| Diuretics | 41 (23.6) | 8 (20.5) | 29 (27.3) | 4 (13.8) | 0.132 |
| Anticoagulants | 23 (13.2) | 7 (17.9) | 12 (11.3) | 4 (13.8) | 0.503 |
| Omega 3 supplements | 88 (50.6) | 20 (51.3) | 52 (49.1) | 16 (55.2) | 0.456 |
p values refer to comparisons between groups of score from the ANOVA test for quantitative variables or the chi-squared test for categorical variables. Group I was defined as ≤ 27points, group II as 28–35 points, and group III as ≥ 36 points in the questionnaire, where the higher the score, the healthier the diet. ADP indicates adenosine diphosphate; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; BMI, body mass index; HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.