. 2019 May 15;19(10):2254. doi: 10.3390/s19102254

Table 2.

Mapping of congestion mitigation strategies in the multilayer CG framework.

Policy	Layer in the CG	Purpose	Variable	$1 / Δ$
Population transfer/ taxation	Trip generation layer	Reduce the number of users in a zone Reduce users’ trip rates	$α$	$\frac{\partial v}{\partial α} = \frac{\partial v}{\partial f} \frac{\partial f}{\partial q} \frac{\partial q}{\partial α}$
Urban functional re-layout	Trip distribution layer	Jobs-housing balance Reduce users’ travel distances	$q$	$\frac{\partial v}{\partial q} = \frac{\partial v}{\partial f} \frac{\partial f}{\partial q}$
Relocation of workplaces	Trip distribution layer	Jobs-housing balance Reduce users’ travel distances	$γ$	$\frac{\partial v}{\partial γ} = \frac{\partial v}{\partial f} \frac{\partial f}{\partial q} \frac{\partial q}{\partial γ}$
Traveler information provision	Path flow layer	Change users’ route choice behaviors	$ρ$	$\frac{\partial v}{\partial ρ} = \frac{\partial v}{\partial f} \frac{\partial f}{\partial ρ}$
Link-/path-based pricing/credit	Path/link flow layer	Change users’ route choice behaviors	$TC$	$\frac{\partial v}{\partial TC} = \frac{\partial v}{\partial f} \frac{\partial f}{\partial ρ} \frac{\partial ρ}{\partial TC}$
Infrastructure improvement	Path/link flow layer	Change users’ route choice behaviors	$TT$	$\frac{\partial v}{\partial TT} = \frac{\partial v}{\partial f} \frac{\partial f}{\partial ρ} \frac{\partial ρ}{\partial TT}$