Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study ID | Country | No. C/T |
Sex F/M |
Type of GABG | AC discounted before surgery | Drug Dose and Treatment Regimens |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Speekenbrink 1995 [23] | Netherlands | 15/15 | 2/28 | On-pump | 2 to 4 days | TA 10 mg·kg− 1 in 20 min after induction of anesthesia and continued at a rate of 1 mg·kg− 1 up to a total dose of 1000 mg. |
| Brown 1997 [24] | United States | 30/30 | 11/49 | On-pump | NR | TA 15 mg·kg− 1 in 20 min after the induction and continued at a rate of 1 mg·kg− 1·hr.− 1 for 5 h |
| Landymore 1997 [25] | Canada | 50/56 | NR | On-pump | < 2 days | TA 10 mg·kg-1 before CBP and continued at a rate of mg·kg− 1·hr.− 1 until the termination of CBP |
| Hardy 1998 [26] | Canada | 45/43 | 23/65 | On-pump | NR | TA 10 g as a bolus over 20 min |
| Casati 2001 [27] | Italy | 20/20 | 8/32 | Off-pump | < 1 day | TA 1 g as a bonus before skin incision, followed by continuous infusion of 400 mg·hr.− 1 during surgery |
| Zabeeda 2002 [28] | Israel | 25/25 | 12/38 | On-pump | NR | TA 10 mg·kg− 1 in more than 15 min after induction of anesthesia and followed by a continuous infusion of 1 mg·kg− 1 per hour |
| Jares 2003 [29] | Czech Republic | 22/25 | 12/35 | Off-pump | 5 days | TA 1 g as a bolus before skin incision, followed by continuous infusion of 200 mg·hr.− 1 during surgery |
| Pleym 2003 [30] | Norway | 39/40 | 13/66 | On-pump | 1 day | TA 30 mg·kg− 1 as a bolus injection over 5 min immediately before the start of CPB. |
| Andreasen 2004 [31] | Denmark | 23/21 | 7/37 | On-pump | > 7 days | TA 1.5 g as a bolus, followed by a constant infusion of 200 mg·hr.− 1 until 1.5 g |
| Casati 2004 [4] | Italy | 50/52 | 16/86 |
On-pump Off-pump |
< 1 day | TA 1 g as a bonus before skin incision, followed by continuous infusion of 400 mg·hr.− 1 until completion of surgery with 500 mg added to priming in patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting |
| Karski 2005 [32] | Canada | 165/147 | 37/275 | On-pump | 7 days | TA 100 mg·kg− 1 administered intravenously over 20 min after the induction of anesthesia |
| Vanek 2005 [33] | Czech Republic | 30/32 | 14/38 | Off-pump | < 1 day | TA 1 g before skin incision and a continuous infusion of 200 mg·hr.− 1 during the whole surgical procedure. |
| Santos 2006 [34] | Brasil | 31/29 | 17/43 | On-pump | NR | TA 10 mg·kg− 1 before the skin incision, followed by a continuous infusion of 1 mg·kg− 1·hr.− 1 for 5 h. |
| Wei 2006 [35] | China | 40/36 | 16/60 | Off-pump | 5/−7 days | TA 0.75 g in 20 min at the beginning of surgery followed by continuous infusion of 0.25 g per hour throughout surgery. |
| Maddali 2007 [36] | Oman | 111/111 | 70/152 | On-pump | 7 days | TA 10 mg·kg− 1 as a bolus prior to sternotomy, followed by an infusion (1 mg·kg− 1·hr.− 1) up to the time of starting of protamine. |
| Mehr-Aein 2007 [3] | Iran | 33/33 | 2/27 | Off-pump | 7 days | TA 15 mg·kg− 1 before infusion of heparin and 15 mg·kg− 1 after protamine infusion |
| Taghaddomi 2009 [37] | Iran | 50/50 | 28/72 | Off-pump | NR | TA 1 g was given 20 min before skin incision and 400 mg·hr.− 1 during the entire surgical procedure. |
| Hashemi 2011 [38] | Iran | 50/50 | 24/76 | On-pump | NR | TA 1 g added to the pump prime solution and another 1 g was used intravenously after discontinuation of the pump |
| Ahn 2012 [10] | Korea | 38/38 | 35/41 | Off-pump | 5 days | TA 1 g in 20 min before skin incision with subsequent continuous infusion at 200 mg·hr.− 1 during the operation |
| Chakravarthy 2012 [11] | India | 50/50 | 22/78 | Off-pump | 7 days | TA 20 mg·kg− 1 over 30 min followed by infusion of 1 mg·kg− 1·hr.− 1 for 12 h |
| Greiff 2012 [12] | Norway | 33/30 | 26/37 | On-pump | 1 day | TA 10 mg·kg-1 as a bolus injection before skin incision followed by an infusion of 1 mg·kg− 1·hr.− 1 until the end of surgery. |
| Nejad 2012 [14] | Iran | 50/50 | 24/76 | On-pump | NR | TA 1 g was added to the pump prime solution and another 1 g was used intravenously after the discontinuation of the pump |
| Wang 2012 [15] | China | 115/116 | 36/195 | Off-pump | 5 days | TA 1 g as a bolus injection 20 min before the incision followed by an infusion of 400 mg·hr.− 1 until the completion of the surgery |
| Esfandiari 2013 [16] | Iran | 75/75 | 30/120 | On-pump | NR | TA 10 mg·kg− 1 added to the priming solution and a bolus dose of 1 mg·kg− 1 after weaning from CPB |
| Shi 2013 [17] | China | 59/58 | 23/94 | On-pump | < 7 days | TA 15 mg·kg− 1 before surgical incision and 15 mg·kg− 1 after protamine neutralization |
| Ghavidel 014 [39] | Iran | 100/100 | 65/135 | On-pump | 3 days | TA 10 mg·kg− 1 via prime solution and the maintenance dose of 0.5–2 mg·kg− 1·h− 1 in proportion to serum creatinine. |
| Yanartas 2015 [18] | Turkey | 63/69 | 50/82 | On-pump | 5 days | TA 10 mg·kg− 1 before the skin incision, followed by a continuous infusion of 1 mg·kg− 1·h− 1 for 5 h. |
| Myles 2017 [8] | Australia | 2322/2311 | 773/3860 | On-pump/ Off-pump | ≥4 days | TA 100 mg·kg− 1 or 50 mg·kg− 1 was administered intravenously more than 30 min after the induction of anesthesia |