Table 3.
GRADE summary of findings table
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risksa (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No of Participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assumed risk Control |
Corresponding risk Tranexamic acid versus placebo |
|||||
| Cerebrovascular accident | Study population | RR 0.93 (0.62 to 1.39) | 6775 (22 studies) | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕⊝ moderateb | ||
| 13 per 1000 | 12 per 1000 (8 to 18) | |||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 0 per 1000 | 0 per 1000 (0 to 0) | |||||
| Seizure | Study population | RR 6.67 (1.77 to 25.20) | 4911 (4 studies) | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ highc,d | ||
| 1 per 1000 | 5 per 1000 (1 to 20) | |||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 0 per 1000 | 0 per 1000 (0 to 0) | |||||
| Reoperation for bleeding | Study population | RR 0.46 (0.31 to 0.68) | 6259 (16 studies) | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ highe,f | ||
| 25 per 1000 | 11 per 1000 (8 to 17) | |||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 22 per 1000 | 10 per 1000 (7 to 15) | |||||
| Mortality | Study population | RR 0.82 (0.53 to 1.28) | 6414 (17 studies) | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕⊝ moderateb,g | ||
| 13 per 1000 | 10 per 1000 (7 to 16) | |||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 0 per 1000 | 0 per 1000 (0 to 0) | |||||
| Myocardial infarction | Study population | RR 0.9 (0.78 to 1.05) | 6714 (23 studies) | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕⊝ moderatee | ||
| 97 per 1000 | 87 per 1000 (75 to 101) | |||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 0 per 1000 | 0 per 1000 (0 to 0) | |||||
| Acute renal insufficiency | Study population | RR 1.01 (0.78 to 1.3) | 5954 (14 studies) | ⊕ ⊕ ⊕⊝ moderateb | ||
| 37 per 1000 | 37 per 1000 (29 to 48) | |||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 20 per 1000 | 20 per 1000 (16 to 26) | |||||
| Transfusion of any blood products | Study population | RR 0.64 (0.52 to 0.78) | 5360 (11 studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very lowb,h | ||
| 553 per 1000 | 354 per 1000 (288 to 432) | |||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 560 per 1000 | 358 per 1000 (291 to 437) | |||||
| Postoperative chest tube drainage in the first 24 h | The mean postoperative chest tube drainage in the first 24 h in the intervention groups was 206.19 lower (248.23 to 164.15 lower) | 6247 (16 studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very lowh,i | |||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate
CI Confidence interval, RR Risk ratio, OR Odds ratio
aThe basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI)
b4 studies with a high risk of bias were included
cfew studies reported this result
dRR > 5
e5 studies with a high risk of bias were included
fRR < 0.5
gNo explanation was provided
hI2 > 75%
i2 studies with a high risk of bias were included