Table 3.
Bivariate analysis of clinical and paraclinical characteristics associated with CA among adult patients with longstanding diabetes
| Clinical / Paraclinical Characteristics | Presence of Charcot N = 12 (%) | No Charcot N = 88(%) | Prob > |z| |
|---|---|---|---|
| History of foot surgery | |||
| Yes | 1 (8)a | 2 (2)b | 0.2507 |
| No | 11 (92) | 86 (98) | |
| History of foot trauma | |||
| Yes | 1 (8) | 5 (6) | 0.7181 |
| No | 11 (92) | 83 (94) | |
| Foot radiograph | |||
| Normal | 2 (17) | 61 (69) | |
| Abnormal | 10 (83) | 27 (31) c | 0.0004 |
| HbA1c | |||
| Means ±SD | 6.08 ± 2.17 | 6.74 ± 2.42 | |
| 95%Confidence interval | (4.77, 7.40) | (6.23, 7.25) | |
| Pr(T > t) | 0.2121 | 0.4115 | |
The Mann-Whitney U-test for categorical variables with unequal variances was used; the Student’s t-test for continuous variables (HbA1c)
aThe patient had a below knee amputation after foot gangrene b Patients had below knee amputation after foot gangrene and first toe amputation after big toe gangrene c Abnormal, no CA: Arthritic changes (19/27, 71%), osteoporosis (6/27, 22%), toe deformities (2/27, 7%, hallux valgus and congenital malformation)