Table 7.
Correlation between Covariates and Health Outcomes (Individual-level analysis)
| Antenatal care (at least 1) | Antenatal care (at least 4) | Institutional delivery | Postnatal care | Complete Vaccination | HAZ | Stunting | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | |
| Mother’s characteristics | |||||||
| Education (secondary or higher) | 0.096*** (0.008) | 0.121*** (0.008) | 0.168*** (0.006) | 0.094*** (0.009) | 0.127*** (0.007) | 25.468*** (3.431) | −0.059*** (0.008) |
| Married | 0.030*** (0.011) | 0.049*** (0.012) | 0.052*** (0.009) | 0.014 (0.012) | 0.029*** (0.011) | 2.846 (5.050) | −0.008 (0.012) |
| Mother’s height | 0.001*** (0.000) | 0.002*** (0.000) | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.001*** (0.001) | 0.002*** (0.000) | 3.128*** (0.205) | −0.006*** (0.000) |
| Age | −0.001* (0.000) | 0.001* (0.000) | 0.000 (0.000) | 0.000 (0.000) | −0.002*** (0.000) | −0.443** (0.200) | 0.000 (0.000) |
| Household characteristics | |||||||
| Wealth index: middle, richer, richest | 0.114*** (0.008) | 0.113*** (0.009) | 0.085*** (0.007) | 0.060*** (0.009) | 0.036*** (0.008) | 12.378*** (3.603) | −0.034*** (0.009) |
| Number of household members | −0.003*** (0.001) | −0.002* (0.001) | − 0.001 (0.001) | −0.000 (0.001) | − 0.001 (0.001) | −0.603 (0.514) | 0.001 (0.001) |
| Number of household members unde 5 years | − 0.005* (0.003) | −0.008** (0.004) | − 0.015*** (0.003) | −0.006* (0.004) | 0.002 (0.003) | 1.480 (1.449) | −0.002 (0.004) |
| rural | −0.106*** (0.013) | −0.108*** (0.015) | − 0.114*** (0.011) | − 0.044*** (0.015) | − 0.047*** (0.013) | −6.105 (5.971) | 0.017 (0.015) |
| Constant | 0.359*** (0.073) | 0.090 (0.081) | 0.269*** (0.061) | −0.031 (0.083) | −0.059 (0.070) | −638.953*** (33.522) | 1.404*** (0.082) |
| N | 16,988 | 16,988 | 25,273 | 16,928 | 24,917 | 22,682 | 22,681 |
| r2 | 0.052 | 0.048 | 0.060 | 0.017 | 0.023 | 0.017 | 0.013 |
| LGA FE | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Notes: The quality of health facility is determined by the following elements; If the clinic has 1) improved water supply, 2) improved sanitation, 3) electricity, 4) refrigerator/freezer for vaccines, 5) antenatal care service, 6) family planning service, 7) malaria treatment service, 8) emergency transport service, 9) child delivery service, 10) skilled birth attendant, 11) caesarian-section service, 12) measles vaccination service. We divide the health facilities into 3 categories – low, middle, and high quality. If the total number of services available out of 11 service is 4 or less, the clinic has low quality. If it is more than 4 but less than 8, then the clinic has middle quality. If it is more than 8, then the clinic has high quality. * significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 1%