Table 1.
Estimates of associations between predictors and health outcome at 70% response-rate
| bnon | 10% most extreme values on the health outcome totally missing | Extreme values on the health outcome not totally missing | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CC | FIML | MI | CC | FIML | MI | |||||||||
| ×1,×2,× 3 | Y | Pred. | Bpred (SE) | 95% coverage | Bpred (SE) | 95% coverage | Bpred (SE) | 95% coverage | Bpred (SE) | 95% coverage | Bpred (SE) | 95% coverage | Bpred (SE) | 95% coverage |
| 0.3 | 0.0 | ×1 | .17 (.04) | 88 | .18 (.04) | 92 | .17 (.04) | 86 | .20 (.04) | 92 | .20 (.04) | 92 | .20 (.04) | 95 |
| ×2 | .25 (.04) | 86 | .26 (.04) | 92 | .25 (.04) | 76 | .29 (.04) | 94 | .30 (.04) | 93 | .29 (.04) | 95 | ||
| 0.1 | 0.1 | ×1 | .17 (.04) | 88 | .17 (.04) | 91 | .17 (.04) | 88 | .20 (.04) | 94 | .20 (.04) | 94 | .20 (.04) | 95 |
| ×2 | .25 (.04) | 81 | .26 (.04) | 91 | .25 (.04) | 79 | .29 (.04) | 95 | .29 (.04) | 93 | .29 (.04) | 96 | ||
| 0.3 | 0.1 | ×1 | .16 (.04) | 84 | .17 (.04) | 88 | .16 (.04) | 83 | .18 (.04) | 93 | .19 (.04) | 93 | .18 (.04) | 93 |
| ×2 | .24 (.04) | 80 | .25 (.04) | 88 | .24 (.04) | 69 | .27 (.04) | 93 | .28 (.04) | 95 | .28 (.04) | 91 | ||
| 0.0 | 0.3 | × 1 | .18 (.04) | 88 | .18 (.04) | 91 | .17 (.04) | 88 | .20 (.04) | 95 | .20 (.04) | 93 | .20 (.04) | 96 |
| ×2 | .26 (.04) | 84 | .26 (.04) | 93 | .26 (.04) | 82 | .29 (.04) | 97 | .29 (.04) | 94 | .29 (.04) | 98 | ||
| 0.1 | 0.3 | ×1 | .17 (.04) | 88 | .17 (.04) | 88 | .17 (.04) | 88 | .18 (.04) | 93 | .19 (.04) | 95 | .18 (.04) | 94 |
| ×2 | .25 (.04) | 77 | .25 (.04) | 88 | .25 (.04) | 76 | .28 (.04) | 93 | .28 (.04) | 93 | .28 (.04) | 93 | ||
| 0.3 | 0.3 | ×1 | .14 (.04) | 70 | .14 (.04) | 72 | .13 (.04) | 63 | .15 (.04) | 75 | .15 (.04) | 78 | .14 (.04) | 71 |
| ×2 | .22 (.04) | 56 | .23 (.04) | 71 | .21 (.04) | 48 | .23 (.04) | 74 | .24 (.04) | 83 | .23 (.04) | 59 | ||
The true population values are bpred ×1 = 0.20, bpred ×2 = 0.30. Different degrees of dependency between study variables and non-response are modeled.
Y = health outcome. bnon = regression coefficients of normally distributed liability of non-response (L) on predictors (× 1, × 2, ×3) and on health outcome.
bpred = coefficients for the regression of health outcome on × 1 and × 2, when the outcome is treated as a categorical variable, and the probit-link is used.
SE standard error, 95% coverage percentage of the randomly drawn samples providing a 95% confidence interval containing the true population value. FIML full information maximum likelihood, MI multiple imputation (predictive mean matching). N in the original sample before non-response = 1000. × 3 was included as auxiliary variable in FIML and as predictor in MI. 50 data sets were imputed.