Table 3.
Summary statistics on price dispersion relative to International Reference Price across sectors and medicine groups
| Public sector – Lowest Price Generic | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source list | n= | Mean MPR | Median MPR | Min | Max | |
| Full sample | Global | 13 | 1.208 | 1.256 | 0.131 | 2.362 |
| Supplementary | 33 | 0.886 | 0.758 | 0.147 | 2.672 | |
| All | 46 | 0.977 | 0.776 | 0.131 | 2.672 | |
| NCD drugs only | Global | 7 | 0.955 | 0.756 | 0.131 | 1.940 |
| Supplementary | 19 | 0.805 | 0.627 | 0.147 | 2.672 | |
| All | 26 | 0.846 | 0.629 | 0.131 | 2.672 | |
| Infectious disease drugs only | Global | 4 | 1.697 | 1.675 | 1.076 | 2.362 |
| Supplementary | 12 | 0.905 | 0.875 | 0.271 | 1.648 | |
| All | 16 | 1.103 | 1.118 | 0.271 | 2.362 | |
| Uncategorized drugs | All | 4 | 1.327 | 1.482 | 0.784 | 1.558 |
| Essential Medicines | In EML | 39 | 1.038 | 0.890 | 0.131 | 2.672 |
| Not in EML | 7 | 0.637 | 0.631 | 0.147 | 1.440 | |
| Private sector retail - Lowest Price Generic | ||||||
| Full sample | Global | 12 | 2.286 | 2.330 | 0.784 | 4.430 |
| Supplementary | 43 | 1.537 | 1.411 | 0.325 | 3.890 | |
| All | 55 | 1.700 | 1.521 | 0.325 | 4.430 | |
| NCD drugs only | Global | 6 | 2.290 | 2.465 | 1.019 | 3.527 |
| Supplementary | 26 | 1.301 | 1.171 | 0.325 | 3.338 | |
| All | 32 | 1.486 | 1.202 | 0.325 | 3.527 | |
| Infectious disease drugs only | Global | 4 | 2.810 | 2.983 | 0.846 | 4.430 |
| Supplementary | 15 | 1.950 | 1.698 | 0.330 | 3.890 | |
| All | 19 | 2.131 | 1.981 | 0.330 | 4.430 | |
| Uncategorized drugs | All | 4 | 1.370 | 1.514 | 0.784 | 1.668 |
| Essential Medicines | In EML | 46 | 1.777 | 1.562 | 0.325 | 4.430 |
| Not in EML | 9 | 1.308 | 1.371 | 0.379 | 2.309 | |
| Private sector retail - Originator Brand | ||||||
| Full sample | Global | 2 | 8.750 | 8.750 | 1.391 | 16.110 |
| Supplementary | 6 | 2.014 | 1.400 | 0.597 | 5.902 | |
| All | 8 | 3.698 | 1.489 | 0.597 | 16.110 | |
| Essential Medicines | In EML | 7 | 1.925 | 1.391 | 0.597 | 5.902 |
| Not in EML | 1 | 16.110 | 16.110 | 16.110 | 16.110 | |
| Private sector clinics - Lowest Price Generics | ||||||
| Full sample | Source list | n= | Mean MPR | Median MPR | Min | Max |
| Global | 13 | 2.381 | 2.604 | 0.784 | 4.430 | |
| Supplementary | 41 | 1.537 | 1.470 | 0.325 | 3.890 | |
| All | 54 | 1.740 | 1.573 | 0.325 | 4.430 | |
| NCD drugs only | Global | 7 | 2.335 | 2.604 | 1.019 | 3.527 |
| Supplementary | 26 | 1.339 | 1.067 | 0.325 | 3.443 | |
| All | 33 | 1.551 | 1.213 | 0.325 | 3.527 | |
| Infectious disease drugs only | Global | 4 | 2.814 | 2.968 | 0.889 | 4.430 |
| Supplementary | 13 | 1.933 | 1.698 | 0.335 | 3.890 | |
| All | 17 | 2.141 | 1.981 | 0.335 | 4.430 | |
| Uncategorized drugs | All | 4 | 1.603 | 1.531 | 0.784 | 2.568 |
| Essential Medicines | In EML | 45 | 1.807 | 1.624 | 0.325 | 4.430 |
| Not in EML | 9 | 1.405 | 1.371 | 0.379 | 2.568 | |
| Private sector clinics - Originator Brands | ||||||
| Full sample | Global | 2 | 8.750 | 8.750 | 1.391 | 16.110 |
| Supplementary | 6 | 2.094 | 1.545 | 0.597 | 5.902 | |
| All | 8 | 3.758 | 1.634 | 0.597 | 16.110 | |
| Essential Medicines | In EML | 7 | 1.993 | 1.391 | 0.597 | 5.902 |
| Not in EML | 1 | 16.110 | 16.110 | 16.110 | 16.110 | |
Source: Authors’ Data
Note: n = Number of survey medicines with MPR values. Mean and median MPR summarize all calculated median price ratios in the indicated groups, with the MPR for each medicine using the median unit price in local currency compared with the International Reference Price in local currency. Minimum and maximum MPR refer to the lowest and highest MPR observed across medicines in each group