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. 2019 May 11;15(6):1261–1275. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.30741

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Anti-shock mechanisms of molecular hydrogen during sepsis. (A) Molecular hydrogen inhibits production of the vasodilator nitric oxide and promotes its consumption. (B) Molecular hydrogen increases ATP production mediated by OXPHOS activation in cardiomyocytes. (C) Molecular hydrogen alleviates vascular endothelial barrier damage mediated by the RhoA/ROCK/mDia signaling pathway and adhesion molecules. AP1: activator protein 1; ELK1: ETS domain-containing protein; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; Cplx: mitochondrial redox carrier (complex); GLUT: Glucose transporters; ghrelin: growth hormone releasing peptide; FGF21: fibroblast growth factor 21.