Table 1.

Studies of molecular hydrogen against sepsis through an anti-oxidative stress effect

Drug	Authors	Animal/cell	Disease model	Administration	Effects	Signaling pathways
HRW	Iketani et. al 20176	C57BL/6 mice	Septic liver injury (LPS)	HRW po. × 3d	4-HNE↓, 8-OHdG ↓	HO-1 ↑
2% H2	Qiu et. al 201113	C57BL/6 mice	Septic lung injury (LPS)	2% H2 inhalation× 2h	MDA ↓, SOD ↑	Nitro tyrosine (NT) ↓
HRW	Muramatsu et. al 201616	Sprague-Dawley rats, A549	Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (LPS)	HRW po. × 10d	8-OHdG ↓, ROS ↓	HO-1 ↑
HRS	Dong et. al 201720	ICR mice	Pulmonary Fibrosis (LPS)	HRS 2.5, 5 or 10 ml/kg/d× 8d i.p.	MDA ↓, T-AOC ↑, SOD ↑, CAT ↑	N/A
HRS	Xu et. al 201322	Sprague-Dawley rats	Septic liver injury (LPS)	HRS 8 ml/kg/h i.v.× 6h	MDA ↓, MPO ↓	NF-κB ↓, Smac ↓, MAPK(JNK/P38) ↓
HRS	Li et. al 201323	Sprague-Dawley rats	Sepsis (CLP)	HRS 5 ml/kg/h i.p. (0, 6, 18h after CLP)	MDA ↓, SOD ↑	N/A
2% H2	Xie et. al 201024	C57BL/6 mice	Sepsis (CLP)	2% H2 inhalation (4L/min)	SOD ↑, CAT↑	N/A
2% H2	Liu et. al 201425	Wistar rats	Septic shock (LPS)	2% H2 inhalation× 4h	MDA ↓, MPO ↓, SOD ↑	N/A
HRW	Zhang et. al 201427	Sprague-Dawley rats	Septic peritonitis injury (LPS/CLP)	HRW 6 ml/kg/d po. × 10d	MDA ↓, MPO ↓	NF-κB ↓

HRS/W/M: hydrogen rich saline/water/media, LPS: Lipopolysaccharide, CLP: cecal ligation and puncture, MDA: malondialdehyde, SOD: superoxide dismutase, MPO: myeloperoxidase, CAT: catalase, 4-NHE: 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, ROS: reactive oxygen species, i.p.: Intraperitoneal injection, i.v.: Intravenous injection, po.: oral administration.