Table 4.
Comparison of the intake of various forms of iron along with that of iron intake from various sources in the national sample of Polish female adolescents, in the sub-groups of underweight, proper body mass, and overweight female respondents.
| Intake of Iron | Underweight Female Respondents (n = 196) | Proper Body Mass Female Respondents (n = 1004) | Overweight Female Respondents (n = 185) | p-Value ** | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intake (%) | Mean ± SD | Median (25th–75th) | Intake (%) | Mean ± SD | Median (25th–75th) | Intake (%) | Mean ± SD | Median (25th–75th) | |||
| Intake of various forms of iron | Total iron (mg) | 100 | 12.68 ± 6.23 | 10.44 (7.82–14.75) * | 100 | 12.81 ± 7.12 | 11.01 (7.82–15.63) * | 100 | 13.72 ± 7.85 | 11.59 (8.20–17.15) * | 0.113 |
| Heme-iron (mg) | 13.3 | 1.69 ± 1.42 | 1.12 (0.77–2.06) * | 13.3 | 1.70 ± 1.54 | 1.18 (0.70–2.15) * | 12.2 | 1.68 ± 1.55 | 1.15 (0.69–2.02) * | 0.905 | |
| Non-heme iron (mg) | 86.7 | 10.99 ± 5.20 | 9.14 (6.51–12.94) * | 86.7 | 11.12 ± 6.09 | 9.64 (6.85–13.77) * | 87.8 | 12.04 ± 6.97 | 10.23 (7.33–14.91) * | 0.068 | |
| Animal iron (mg) | 33.3 | 4.22 ± 3.73 | 2.81 (1.92–5.14) * | 33.1 | 4.24 ± 3.84 | 2.96 (1.75–5.38) * | 30.6 | 4.20 ± 3.87 | 2.88 (1.73–5.04) * | 0.905 | |
| Plant iron (mg) | 66.7 | 8.46 ± 4.20 | 7.12 (4.60–9.99) * | 66.9 | 8.58 ± 5.06 | 7.47 (5.13–10.56) * | 69.4 | 9.52 ± 6.18 | 8.08 (5.63–11.72) * | 0.059 | |
| Intake of iron from various sources | Cereals (mg) | 27.9 | 3.54 ± 1.81 | 2.77 (1.64–4.87) *A | 28.2 | 3.61 ± 2.28 | 3.14 (2.08–4.56) *B | 28.2 | 3.87 ± 2.75 | 3.11 (2.15–4.82) *B | 0.016 |
| Meat products (mg) | 26.1 | 3.31 ± 3.41 | 1.84 (1.08–3.93) * | 26.1 | 3.34 ± 3.63 | 2.10 (0.98–4.35) * | 24.2 | 3.32 ± 3.73 | 1.98 (0.92–4.22) * | 0.787 | |
| Vegetables (mg) | 17.1 | 2.17 ± 1.90 | 1.76 (0.90–3.20) * | 16.8 | 2.15 ± 1.96 | 1.60 (0.79–2.89) * | 18.9 | 2.60 ± 2.60 | 1.76 (0.97–3.23) * | 0.291 | |
| Nuts (mg) | 8.1 | 1.03 ± 1.09 | 0.54 (0.00–1.45) * | 8.2 | 1.05 ± 1.46 | 0.72 (0.03–1.45) * | 7.9 | 1.08 ± 1.36 | 0.72 (0.02–1.45) * | 0.353 | |
| Fruit (mg) | 5.6 | 0.71 ± 0.50 | 0.56 (0.37–0.92) * | 5.5 | 0.71 ± 0.61 | 0.55 (0.37–0.92) * | 6.0 | 0.82 ± 0.93 | 0.56 (0.28–1.02) * | 0.857 | |
| Cocoa products (mg) | 4.1 | 0.52 ± 0.47 | 0.28 (0.12–0.58) *A | 4.2 | 0.54 ± 0.59 | 0.36 (0.18–0.69) *B | 4.1 | 0.56 ± 0.55 | 0.42 (0.21–0.79) *B | 0.005 | |
| Eggs (mg) | 4.2 | 0.53 ± 0.60 | 0.47 (0.31–0.63) * | 4.1 | 0.52 ± 0.47 | 0.47 (0.31–0.63) * | 3.6 | 0.50 ± 0.54 | 0.31 (0.31–0.63) * | 0.748 | |
| Potatoes (mg) | 2.8 | 0.36 ± 0.30 | 0.29 (0.14–0.36) *A | 2.9 | 0.37 ± 0.35 | 0.29 (0.21–0.43) *AB | 3.2 | 0.44 ± 0.43 | 0.36 (0.21–0.50) *B | 0.003 | |
| Dairy products (mg) | 2.1 | 0.27 ± 0.21 | 0.25 (0.15–0.38) * | 2.1 | 0.27 ± 0.19 | 0.24 (0.15–0.34) * | 2.0 | 0.28 ± 0.20 | 0.25 (0.13–0.63) * | 0.607 | |
| Fat (mg) | 1.1 | 0.14 ± 0.14 | 0.11 (0.06–0.17) * | 1.1 | 0.14 ± 0.14 | 0.11 (0.06–0.17) * | 1.0 | 0.14 ± 0.13 | 0.11 (0.06–0.17) * | 0.443 | |
| Fish products (mg) | 0.9 | 0.11 ± 0.17 | 0.06 (0.00–0.13) * | 0.8 | 0.11 ± 0.16 | 0.06 (0.00–0.13) * | 0.8 | 0.10 ± 0.14 | 0.06 (0.00–0.13) * | 0.220 | |
* Nonparametric distribution (verified using Shapiro–Wilk test; p ≤ 0.05), ** compared using Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) (due to nonparametric distribution), values with different letters (A, B) differ in rows.