Table 1.
Pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions of IL-1 family members in cancer.
| Function | Mechanism | Tumor Type | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1α | Pro-tumorigenic | Angiogenesis Cell growth Dedifferentiation Invasion & Metastasis Proliferation Tumor-promoting inflammation |
Pancreatic cancer (19), Lung cancer (14) ALL (16) Breast cancer (13) HNSCC (11), Gastric Cancer (12), Pancreatic cancer (17, 19), Breast cancer (21) Pancreatic cancer (19), Breast Cancer (21, 22) Pancreatic cancer (17), Fibrosarcoma (18) |
| Anti-tumorigenic | Immune cell recruitment Proliferation |
Fibrosarcoma (25), lymphoma (26) Breast Cancer (27), Melanom, Prostate Cancer (28) |
|
| IL-1β | Pro-tumorigenic | Angiogenesis Cell growth Invasion & Metastasis Proliferation TME modulation |
Fibrosarcoma (32), Lung cancer (34), Pancreatic cancer (35), Melanoma (36), Breast cancer (38) Fibrosarcoma (32) Breast cancer (37–39), Lung cancer (45), CRC (50) Breast cancer (38), Fibrosarcoma (32) Breast cancer (37) |
| Anti-tumorigenic | Immune cell recruitment Metastasis |
Fibrosarcoma (46), lymphoma (48), B-cell myeloma (47) Breast cancer (51) |
|
| IL-18 | Pro-tumorigenic | Angiogenesis Invasion & Metastasis Immune evasion Migration |
Gastric cancer (58) Melanoma (61, 62), HCC (55) Melanoma (64, 65, 67), Colon Carcinoma (64, 65) Myeloma (66) HCC (61), Breast cancer (63) |
| Anti-tumorigenic | Immune cell modulation | Melanoma (70, 71, 78), CRC7 (3), Lung cancer (74), Myeloid leukaemia (75), Ovarian Cancerm (76), Breast Cancer (79) | |
| IL-33 | Pro-tumorigenic | Cell growth Immune evasion Invasion & Metastasis Migration TME modulation |
OSCC (96), Colon cancer (97), CRC (98, 101) Breast Cancer (91), HNSCC (95), Pancreatic Cancer (92), Cervical Cancer (92) Lung Cancer (86, 99, 102), Breast cancer (89–91), Ovarian Cancer (87), CRC (88, 101) HNSCC (95), Lung Cancer (99) CRC (88, 93, 94), Gastric Cancer (92), Lung Cancer (94), Pancreatic Cancer (92) |
| Anti-tumorigenic | Immune modulation Metastasis |
Cervical Cancer (103) Multiple Myeloma (104), Lung Cancer (105), CRC (106), Melanoma (108, 111), Breast Cancer (108) Prostate Cancer (107), Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (107) |
|
| IL-36 | Pro-tumorigenic | N/A | N/A |
| Anti-tumorigenic | Metastasis TME modulation |
Breast Cancer (117) Breast Cancer (116, 117), Melanoma (116), Fibrosarcoma (118), Colon cancer (118, 120) |
|
| IL-37 | Pro-tumorigenic | Cell transformation Metastasis |
OSCC (129) Ovarian Cancer (128) |
| Anti-tumorigenic | TME modulation Proliferation Invasion & Metastasis Migration |
Renal Cell Carcinoma (132), HCC (133, 136), Fibrosarcoma (135), Colon Cancer (139) Cervical Cancer (137), Lung Cancer (140), Cervical Cancer (131, 137), Lung cancer (131, 134, 138), Gallbladder Cancer (141), Breast Cancer (131), Liver adenocarcinoma (131), Prostate Cancer (131) Lung Cancer (140), Gallbladder cancer (141), OSCC (123) |
|
| IL-38 | Pro-tumorigenic | TME modulation | Lung Cancer (150) |
| Anti-tumorigenic | Invasion Migration Proliferation |
Lung Cancer (151) Lung Cancer (151) Lung Cancer (151) |