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. 2019 Jun 7;10:1247. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01247

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Copyright © 2019 Kim, Cavinder, Proctor, O’Donnell, Townsend and Trail.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Perithecium development in F. graminearum (Fg) and F. neocosmosporiellum (Fn). (A) sexual stage definition. S1—ascogonium (arrowheads), S2—protoperithecia with conspicuous perithecial wall layers (arrows), S3—paraphyses (knuckle-like cells) released from squashed perithecium, S4—asci released from squashed perithecium, and S5—asci filled with ascospores. Scaling is the same for each stage in both species (Bar = 50 μm). (B) Ascus and ascospore morphology. (C) Mature perithecia grown on carrot agar. (D) Perithecium of Fg with cirrhus oozing from ostiole (arrow; left panel) and spore print from agar block containing numerous perithecia (right panel). (E) Perithecium of Fn with cirrhus oozing from ostiole (arrow; left panel) and spores fired in groups with visible halo of mucilage (right panel).