Fig. 4. Microscopic characterizations and polarization measurements of gold nanostructures before and after laser-induced melting. (a and b) Representative dark-field scattering images of the gold nanostructures before and after laser melting, scale bar is 5 μm. (c and d) The measured polarization dependent scattering responses from a single particle before and after laser melting. (e and f) The SEM results of the particle before and after laser melting. Polarization dependent scattering responses from a single nanorod with (g) and without (h) apparent tilting angle in 3D.