Summary of findings for the main comparison. Hypnotherapy versus behavioural treatments or no treatment for smoking cessation.
| Hypnotherapy versus behavioural treatments or no treatment for smoking cessation | ||||||
| Patient or population: people who smoke Intervention: hypnotherapy Comparison: behavioural treatments or no treatment | ||||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with control | Risk with Hypnotherapy | |||||
| Hypnotherapy versus attention‐matched behavioural treatments Smoking cessation at 6+ months follow‐up |
Study population |
RR 1.21 (0.91 to 1.61) |
957 (6 studies) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ Low1,2 |
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| 150 per 1,000 |
182 per 1,000 (137 to 242) |
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| Hypnotherapy versus brief attention/advice/smoking cessation education (not matched for contact time) Smoking cessation at 6+ months follow‐up |
RR 0.98 (0.57 to 1.69) |
269 (2 studies) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very low3,4 |
|||
| 160 per 1,000 |
157 per 1,000 (91 to 271) |
|||||
| Hypnotherapy versus intensive behavioural interventions (not matched for contact time) Smoking cessation at 6+ months follow‐up |
Study population |
RR 0.93 (0.47 to 1.82) |
211 (2 studies) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very low3,4 |
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| 142 per 1,000 |
132 per 1,000 (67 to 258) |
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| Hypnotherapy versus no treatment Smoking cessation at 6+ months follow‐up |
Study population |
RR 19.00 (1.18 to 305.88) |
40 (1 study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very low3,4 |
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| Non‐calculable (0 events in control group) | Non‐calculable | |||||
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect | ||||||
1 Downgraded one level due to imprecision: fewer than 300 events overall 2 Downgraded one level due to risk of bias: three of the six included studies were judged to be at high risk of bias in at least one domain, and two were judged to be at unclear risk 3 Downgraded two levels due to imprecision: fewer than 100 events overall 4 Downgraded one level due to risk of bias: all studies contributing to the comparison were judged to be at high risk of bias