Hyman 1986.
Methods | Setting: Australia, site not described. Study period: not stated. Recruitment: half the number of subjects referred through public hospital, other half responded to newspaper advertisement. Sample size calculation: none. | |
Participants | Number of participants: 60 smokers (15 in each group).
Inclusion criteria: not stated. Exclusion criteria: not stated. Overall demographics: 28% male, mean age 34.9 years, smoked an average of 29.9 CPD; 13% having made no prior attempt to stop smoking. |
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Interventions | a) Hypnosis (Weitzenhoffer & Hilgard induction method, modified Spiegel treatment).
b) Focused smoking (approximately 15 mins focused smoking practices, 3 times during each session, based on Hackett & Horan 1978).
c) Attention placebo (discussed topics of concern to the subject).
d) Waiting list control (wait‐list of 3 months with no contact, but they were offered treatment after this time if they so wished). Duration of intervention: groups a), b) and c) were seen individually for 1hr, once a week for 4 weeks. Duration of follow‐up: 6 months. |
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Outcomes | Definition of smoking cessation: point‐prevalence abstinence at six months. Adverse events: no information provided on whether or not AE data were collected and whether any AEs occurred. | |
Notes | Funding: not stated. Author declaration of interest: not reported. Additional notes: participants expected to abstain after first hypnosis session but received all four sessions whether they had successfully abstained or not. |
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Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Randomized, method not stated |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No details given |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | No blinding, and self‐report only at six months (serum thiocyanate measured at 3 months) |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Number lost to follow‐up in groups at 6 months: a) 1; b): 3; c): 2. They were considered to be smoking and included for analysis. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | All outcomes reported as described in the methods section. |