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Network of key metabolites and their associated pathways relevant to copper and oxidative stress in WD Differential metabolites are indicated in bold text. Red arrows represent decreased or increased levels in the serum of WD patients. 2-HBA, 2-hydroxybutanoic acid; αKGDH, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase; Cu, copper; GSH, glutathione; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine; SAHH, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine
