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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 14.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2018 Jun 4;20:301–327. doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044532

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Nanowarming for Regenerative Medicine. Schematic of tissue harvest followed by cryoprotective agent loading and cooling into gaseous nitrogen. After storage the IO nanoparticles loaded into the system are activated in a radiofrequency field to quickly and uniformly warm the system to avoid devitrification (i.e. crystallization) and cracking. This allows for high viability and function which can eventually be used in transplantation. Modified and reproduced with permission from (14).