Table 5.

Drugs used in treatment of patent ductus arteriosus and their doses

Drug	Dose (mg/kg)	Route of administration	Rate of closure of PDA (%)	Adverse effects	Reopening (%)
Indomethacin	<48 hours	IV At least 30 min	70-80	Oliguria, reduction in creatinine clearance, electrolyte imbalance, bleeding in GIS, NEC, perforation	20-35
	1st dose: 0.2 mg/ kg 12 hours later 2nd dose: 0.1 mg/kg 24 hours later 3rd dose: 0.1 mg/kg
	>48 hours
	0.2 mg/kg with 12-24-hour intervals
Ibuprofen	Loading: 10 mg/kg with 24-hour intervals	IV or oral	70-80	Oliguria, reduction in creatinine clearance,	30
	5 mg/kg, 2 successive doses			hyperbilirubinemia, bleeding
Paracetamol	15 mg/kg every 6 hours, po	Oral or IV 2-7 days	90- 100	Increase in liver enzymes	30

GIS: gastrointestinal system, PDA: patent ductus arteriosus, NEC: necrotizing enterocolitis