Table 3.

Risks for hypercholesterolemia per doubling of baseline plasma PFAS concentrations (ng/mL)^a

	Cross-sectional association for baseline prevalent case, OR (95% CI)	Prospective risk for hypercholesterolemia incidence at follow-up, HR (95% CI)
	Total (N=940)	Total (N=730)	Placebo (N=361)	Lifestyle (N=369)	Interaction by group assignment (P_interaction)^b
PFOS	1.02 (0.85, 1.21)	1.01 (0.91, 1.12)	1.11 (0.95, 1.30)	0.97 (0.82, 1.14)	0.24
PFOA	1.29 (1.05, 1.57)^*	1.06 (0.94, 1.19)	1.18 (0.98, 1.42)	1.03 (0.86, 1.23)	0.12
PFHxS	1.08 (0.94, 1.25)	1.00 (0.92, 1.09)	1.02 (0.89, 1.17)	1.02 (0.90, 1.15)	0.45
EtFOSAA	0.98 (0.87, 1.09)	1.00 (0.93, 1.07)	1.05 (0.96, 1.16)	0.98 (0.88, 1.08)	0.43
MeFOSAA	1.02 (0.89, 1.17)	1.04 (0.95, 1.12)	1.10 (0.97, 1.24)	1.01 (0.89, 1.15)	0.65
PFNA	1.11 (0.96, 1.29)	1.09 (1.00, 1.19)	1.17 (1.04, 1.33)^*	1.03 (0.91, 1.18)	0.08

Note: PFAS: per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; PFOS: Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (sum of linear and branched isomers); PFOA: perfluorooctanoic acid (sum of linear and branched isomers); PFHxS: perfluorohexane sulfonic acid; EtFOSAA: N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid; MeFOSAA: N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid; PFNA:perfluorononanoic acid; OR: odds ratio; HR: hazard ratio.

Hypercholesterolemia defined as (1) LDL > 160 mg/dL, (2) LDL > 130 mg/dL in those with diabetes, (3) total cholesterol > 240 mg/mL or (4) initiation of lipid lowering medication; and hypertriglyceridemia defined as triglycerides >200 mg/dL. Adjusted risk calculated using logistic regression or Cox-proportional hazard model accounting for age, sex, race, education attainment, marital status, drinking level, smoking status, physical activity level, percent of daily calorie from fat intake, daily fiber intake, and waist circumference (all variables measured at baseline)

P-value from a fully adjusted multivariate model with a multiplicative interaction term between baseline plasma PFAS concentration and treatment assignment

p<0.05