Fig. 2.

Genes overexpressed in industrial strains to obtain xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae suitable for commercial ethanol production from lignocellulose hydrolysate. The genes include the S. cerevisiae glucose transporter gene HXT7, mutated to transport both glucose and xylose, the Scheffersomyces stipitis genes XYL1 encoding xylose reductase (XR) and XYL2 encoding xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) or a codon-optimised XylA from Clostridium phytofermans encoding xylose isomerase (XI), the S. cerevisiae genes XKS1 encoding xylulo-kinase, TKL1 and -2 encoding transketolase, and TAL1 and -2 encoding transaldolase. Modified from Passoth 2017a