Table 3.
Sex of the child | Place of residence | Mother’s education | Household wealth | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | Urban | Primary+ | Richest | ||||||||||||||||
n | G | mean(y) | mean | b | c | %Gini | mean | b | c | %Gini | mean | b | c | %Gini | mean | b | c | %Gini | |
Angola 2015–16 | 445 | −.213 | −.32 | .41 | −.15 | −.45 | 40 | .51 | .01 | −.07 | 0 | .31 | .12 | .07 | 4 | .29 | −.26 | −.51 | 56 |
Benin 2011–12 | 406 | −.065 | −.28 | .43 | .01 | .22 | 6 | .43 | .00 | −.05 | 0 | .13 | .12 | .87 | 73 | .34 | −.03 | −.35 | 21 |
Burkina Faso 2010 | 560 | −.102 | −.29 | .44 | .03 | .32 | 13 | .15 | −.07 | −.76 | 25 | .06 | .08 | −.17 | 0 | .29 | −.09 | −.69 | 62 |
Burundi 2016–17 | 395 | −.121 | −.31 | .46 | −.07 | −.33 | 29 | .12 | −.05 | .04 | 0 | .26 | −.09 | −.36 | 23 | .34 | .12 | .44 | 48 |
Cameroon 2011 | 434 | −.090 | −.22 | .49 | −.03 | −.21 | 14 | .38 | −.02 | .38 | 0 | .44 | .03 | .48 | 32 | .29 | .06 | .69 | 55 |
Chad 2014–15 | 712 | −.192 | −.24 | .44 | −.10 | −.42 | 42 | .20 | −.13 | −.02 | 1 | .16 | −.09 | −.39 | 12 | .31 | .17 | .38 | 45 |
Comoros 2012 | 100 | −.255 | −.35 | .43 | −.03 | −.17 | 2 | .19 | −.10 | −.23 | 5 | .33 | .06 | .33 | 7 | .36 | .33 | .64 | 85 |
Congo 2011–12 | 250 | −.173 | −.29 | .38 | .01 | .01 | 0 | .64 | .20 | .36 | 90 | .71 | .03 | .24 | 10 | .30 | −.01 | .02 | 0 |
Cote d’Ivoire 2011–12 | 367 | −.122 | −.21 | .30 | −.07 | −.66 | 51 | .37 | −.07 | .16 | 0 | .16 | .06 | .42 | 15 | .37 | .07 | .39 | 34 |
DRCongo 2013–14 | 711 | −.114 | −.30 | .47 | −.05 | −.28 | 20 | .29 | −.12 | −.55 | 53 | .48 | .10 | .20 | 27 | .31 | .01 | −.26 | 0 |
Ethiopia 2016 | 419 | −.232 | −.30 | .33 | −.24 | −.57 | 63 | .12 | .09 | .26 | 4 | .10 | −.10 | −.20 | 3 | .38 | .16 | .34 | 30 |
Gabon 2012 | 209 | −.152 | −.38 | .42 | .03 | .18 | 4 | .87 | −.10 | −.07 | 11 | .66 | −.13 | −.19 | 27 | .24 | .21 | .66 | 58 |
Gambia 2013 | 251 | −.214 | −.36 | .45 | .04 | .10 | 2 | .51 | −.09 | .15 | 0 | .29 | −.16 | −.19 | 10 | .33 | .34 | .67 | 87 |
Ghana 2014 | 208 | −.139 | −.22 | .43 | .04 | .36 | 22 | .45 | −.04 | −.09 | 5 | .55 | .09 | .45 | 69 | .35 | .03 | .12 | 4 |
Guinea 2012 | 298 | −.119 | −.24 | .46 | −.06 | −.39 | 37 | .23 | .08 | −.09 | 0 | .08 | −.05 | −.59 | 9 | .31 | −.11 | −.47 | 54 |
Kenya 2014 | 609 | −.108 | −.30 | .46 | .02 | .15 | 4 | .41 | .07 | −.06 | 0 | .60 | .07 | .05 | 6 | .36 | −.16 | −.54 | 90 |
Lesotho 2014 | 135 | −.234 | −.21 | .45 | .00 | .00 | 0 | .18 | −.02 | −.11 | 1 | .70 | −.20 | −.30 | 83 | .26 | .14 | .22 | 16 |
Liberia 2013 | 276 | −.138 | −.23 | .46 | .03 | .18 | 8 | .49 | .12 | .51 | 84 | .29 | .03 | .34 | 8 | .34 | −.05 | .26 | 0 |
Malawi 2015–16 | 586 | −.174 | −.25 | .41 | −.12 | −.50 | 54 | .14 | .19 | .70 | 41 | .31 | −.02 | −.09 | 1 | .34 | −.07 | −.05 | 3 |
Mali 2012–13 | 437 | −.178 | −.22 | .39 | −.06 | −.30 | 18 | .14 | .16 | .45 | 25 | .08 | −.24 | −.92 | 47 | .26 | −.08 | −.18 | 10 |
Mozambique 2011 | 441 | −.168 | −.26 | .43 | −.11 | −.40 | 41 | .29 | .03 | .41 | 8 | .15 | −.08 | −.01 | 0 | .35 | .12 | .55 | 50 |
Namibia 2013 | 136 | −.126 | −.30 | .41 | −.07 | −.39 | 30 | .45 | .02 | .27 | 6 | .80 | −.09 | −.11 | 21 | .29 | .09 | .61 | 44 |
Niger 2012 | 422 | −.142 | −.39 | .44 | −.15 | −.40 | 49 | .10 | −.16 | −.08 | 2 | .04 | −.09 | −.35 | 2 | .29 | .17 | .51 | 46 |
Nigeria 2013 | 1465 | −.137 | −.21 | .45 | −.08 | −.55 | 72 | .31 | −.06 | −.33 | 21 | .40 | .00 | −.03 | 0 | .29 | −.02 | −.31 | 7 |
Rwanda 2014–15 | 227 | −.180 | −.38 | .48 | −.22 | −.52 | 81 | .14 | .14 | .47 | 14 | .34 | −.02 | −.11 | 1 | .34 | −.11 | −.07 | 4 |
Senegal 2010–11 | 476 | −.105 | −.26 | .38 | −.10 | −.60 | 79 | .31 | .07 | .28 | 21 | .11 | .00 | .26 | 0 | .29 | −.03 | .03 | 0 |
Sierra Leone 2013 | 562 | −.119 | −.24 | .47 | −.08 | −.47 | 63 | .30 | −.03 | −.02 | 1 | .26 | −.07 | −.42 | 27 | .37 | .05 | .14 | 10 |
Tanzania 2015–16 | 355 | −.238 | −.32 | .44 | −.12 | −.30 | 17 | .36 | .33 | .64 | 82 | .74 | −.04 | −.02 | 1 | .42 | −.14 | .27 | 0 |
Togo 2013–14 | 224 | −.141 | −.21 | .41 | −.06 | −.19 | 12 | .33 | .18 | .37 | 55 | .26 | −.10 | −.51 | 33 | .33 | −.12 | .23 | 0 |
Uganda 2016 | 574 | −.141 | −.34 | .45 | −.08 | −.30 | 22 | .20 | .09 | .28 | 11 | .44 | −.15 | −.47 | 66 | .37 | .03 | .03 | 1 |
Zambia 2013–14 | 436 | −.089 | −.29 | .42 | −.02 | −.33 | 9 | .32 | .03 | .40 | 15 | .49 | −.08 | −.25 | 41 | .34 | .07 | .38 | 35 |
Zimbabwe 2015 | 206 | −.234 | −.22 | .46 | −.17 | −.54 | 81 | .29 | −.07 | −.29 | 12 | .84 | −.09 | −.05 | 7 | .28 | .02 | −.27 | 0 |
G: Gini index; mean(y): mean of the predicted (ln) death rates; mean: mean of the dummy variable (coded 0/1), corresponds to the proportion of the factor in the country; b: regression coefficient from a multivariate Poisson model (in bold if significant); %Gini: relative factor’s contribution calculated with the regression-based decomposition of the Gini indexh; A few negative contributions were restricted to 0