Table 1.
Study site characteristics
| Population | Primary school | Nearest high secondary school (vehicle, dry season) (min) | Formally trained midwife | Healthcare worker | Distance to Primary Health Care (PHC) (vehicle, dry season) (min) | Distance comprehensive Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) (vehicle, dry season) | Key ethnic groups | |
| Study site 1 | 4300 | Yes | 10 | Yes | Medical assistant | NA | 20 min | Khawalda |
| Study site 2 | 3750 | Yes | 15 | No | No | 15 | 45 min | Kawahla and Ga’leeyen |
| Study site 3 | 3250 | Yes | 30 | No (traditional midwife) | Retired nurse | 30 | 1 hour | Kawahla and Ga’leeyen |
| Study site 4 | 1415 | Yes | 10 | Yes | Nurse | 45 | 45 min | Kawahla, Ga’leeyen, Shukreya and Bataheen |
NA, not available.