Table 4.
Associations between demographic, medical and psychosocial variables and diabetes-related outcomes
| Sleep disturbance | Physical activity | Physical HRQoL | Global QoL | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Estimate (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | |||||
| Age | –0.01 (–0.03,0.003) | 0.10 (0.06,0.14)* | –0.07 (–0.11,–0.04)* | 0.03 (0.02,0.03)* | |||||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||
| Black | –0.89 (–1.15,–0.63)* | –0.82 (–1.53,–0.12)*** | –1.09 (–1.73,–0.46)** | 0.29 (0.20,0.37)* | |||||
| Other | –0.85 (–1.26, –0.43)* | 0.44 (–0.67,1.54) | 1.16 (0.17, 2.16)*** | 0.16 (0.03,0.29)*** | |||||
| Hispanic | –0.36 (–0.81,0.09) | 1.32 (0.11,2.53)*** | –0.23 (–1.32,0.87) | 0.38 (0.24,0.52)* | |||||
| Education | –0.10 (–0.15,–0.04)** | 0.37 (0.22,0.53)* | 0.14 (0.004,0.28)*** | –0.03 (–0.05,–0.01)** | |||||
| Income | –0.16 (–0.24,–0.08)* | 0.62 (0.40,0.83)* | 1.02 (0.83,1.21)* | 0.09 (0.07,0.12)* | |||||
| Married (Y/N) | 0.21 (–0.02,0.44) | –0.57 (–1.17,0.05) | –1.17 (–1.71,–0.63)* | 0.05 (–0.02,0.12) | |||||
| Number comorbidities | 0.75 (0.61,0.89)* | –1.11 (–1.50,–0.73)* | –4.82 (–5.16,–4.48)* | –0.09 (–0.14,–0.05)* | |||||
| Social support | –0.03 (–0.05,–0.02)* | 0.06 (0.02,0.09)** | 0.05 (0.02,0.08)** | 0.06 (0.05,0.06)* | |||||
| Antidepressant use (Y/N) | 0.05 (–0.28,0.37) | –1.17 (–2.03,–0.30)** | –4.88 (–5.79,–3.97)* | –0.08 (–0.18,0.02) | |||||
| Optimism | –0.14 (–0.17,–0.10)* | 0.12 (0.03,0.20)** | 0.23 (0.16,0.31)* | 0.11 (0.10,0.13)* | |||||
| Depressed (Y/N) | 2.84 (2.55,3.13)* | –0.15 (–0.93,0.63) | –0.65 (–1.41,0.11) | –2.14 (–2.61,–1.68)* | |||||
| Antidepressant use * depression status | – | – | – | – | 2.11 (0.41,3.81)*** | – | – | ||
| interaction | – | – | |||||||
| – | – | ||||||||
| Optimism * depression status interaction | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.07 (0.05,0.09)* | ||
| R2 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.33 | |||||
HRQoL, health-related quality of life; QoL, quality of life.
Table provides parameter estimates and CIs obtained from multivariable linear regression models conducted separately for each of the four outcomes of interest. In models where interaction terms were not significant, we removed the interaction terms (cells shown as empty) and report results from the main-effects-only model.
*
P<0.0001
**
P<0.01
***
P<0.05.