| Age >65 years old |
3,244 (38.5%) |
3,515 (45.7%) |
<0.001 |
| Male |
6,139 (72.8%) |
5,445 (70.7%) |
0.004 |
| Race |
|
|
<0.001 |
| White |
5,350 (65.0%) |
4,738 (62.9%) |
|
| Black |
1,063 (12.9%) |
1,113 (14.8%) |
|
| Hispanic |
1,065 (12.9%) |
580 (7.7%) |
|
| Asian |
701 (8.5%) |
1,061 (14.1%) |
|
| Native American |
55 (0.7%) |
36 (0.5%) |
|
| Charlson/Deyo Comorbidity Score |
|
|
<0.001 |
| CDCC 0 |
3,635 (43.1%) |
3,951 (51.3%) |
|
| CDCC 1 |
2,427 (28.8%) |
2,310 (30.0%) |
|
| CDCC ≥2 |
2,371 (28.1%) |
1,436 (18.7%) |
|
| Fibrosis score |
|
|
<0.001 |
| F0 (none to moderate fibrosis) |
382 (16.4%) |
1,232 (59.2%) |
|
| F1 (severe fibrosis or cirrhosis) |
1,954 (83.7%) |
849 (40.8%) |
|
| Tumor size |
|
|
<0.001 |
| Tumor <3 cm |
4,715 (58.8%) |
1,888 (25.0%) |
|
| Tumor 3–5 cm |
2,780 (34.7%) |
2,615 (34.6%) |
|
| Tumor >5 cm |
523 (6.5%) |
3,045 (40.3%) |
|
| Insurance status |
|
|
<0.001 |
| Private |
2,728 (32.9%) |
2,878 (38.5%) |
|
| Medicare |
3,930 (47.3%) |
3,550 (47.5%) |
|
| Medicaid |
1,135 (13.7%) |
725 (9.7%) |
|
| Other government |
210 (2.5%) |
95 (1.3%) |
|
| None |
298 (3.6%) |
230 (3.1%) |
|
| Median income quartiles (by zip code) |
|
|
0.001 |
| > $63,000 |
2,427 (29.2%) |
2,332 (30.7%) |
|
| $48,000 – $62,999 |
2,293 (27.6%) |
2,016 (26.5%) |
|
| $38,000 – $47,999 |
1,810 (21.8%) |
1,780 (23.4%) |
|
| < $38,000 |
1,777 (21.4%) |
1,468 (19.3%) |
|
| Education level*
|
|
|
0.10 |
| Higher education level (<7%) |
1,651 (19.9%) |
1,585 (20.9%) |
|
| 7% – 12.9% |
2,434 (29.3%) |
2,292 (30.2%) |
|
| 13% – 20.9% |
2,277 (27.4%) |
2,028 (26.7%) |
|
| Lower education level (≥21%) |
1,954 (23.5%) |
1,694 (22.3%) |
|
| Facility type |
|
|
<0.001 |
| Community cancer program |
141 (1.7%) |
208 (2.8%) |
|
| Comprehensive community cancer program |
1,462 (17.5%) |
1,604 (21.5%) |
|
| Academic/research program |
5,847 (69.8%) |
4,873 (65.5%) |
|
| Integrated network cancer program |
929 (11.1%) |
760 (10.2%) |
|
| Facility region |
|
|
<0.001 |
| New England/Mid Atlantic |
2,175 (26.0%) |
1,875 (25.2%) |
|
| South Atlantic |
1,395 (16.7%) |
1,518 (20.4%) |
|
| North Central |
1,507 (18.0%) |
1,569 (21.1%) |
|
| South Central |
1,289 (15.4%) |
1,206 (16.2%) |
|
| Mountain |
319 (3.8%) |
245 (3.3%) |
|
| Pacific |
1,694 (20.2%) |
1,032 (13.9%) |
|
| Distance between patient zip code and hospital |
|
|
0.82 |
| <10 miles |
3,304 (39.2%) |
3,040 (39.5%) |
|
| 10–40 miles |
2,738 (32.5%) |
2,508 (32.6%) |
|
| >40 miles |
2,391 (28.4%) |
2,149 (27.9%) |
|
| Year of diagnosis |
|
|
0.043 |
| 2004 – 2009 |
3,015 (35.8%) |
2,870 (37.3%) |
|
| 2010 – 2014 |
5,418 (64.3%) |
4,827 (62.7%) |
|
| >30 days between diagnosis and procedure |
6,191 (73.4%) |
4,558 (59.2%) |
<0.001 |
| LOS after procedure (days, mean) |
2.12 |
7.19 |
<0.001 |
| 30-day unplanned readmissions |
189 (2.3%) |
382 (5.1%) |
<0.001 |
