Table 2. Hierarchical linear regression demonstrates anatomical associations with RAVLT performance.

Regression coefficients (standardized beta), T-values, and significance (p) values are presented below for each of the four RAVLT stages (Early Learning, Late Learning, Delayed Recall, and Retention). Demographic variables of age, sex, and education were entered first, followed by anatomical correlates of interest from left-hemisphere regions only due to our a priori hypotheses and attempt to reduce collinearity among independent variables.

RAVLT Stage	Standardized Beta	T	Sig
*Early Learning (z-score)*
Age	−0.81	−1.1	0.27
Sex	0.19	2.96	0.003
Education	0.17	2.65	0.009
LH DAN Thickness	0.41	2.97	0.003^*
LH DMN Thickness	−0.12	−0.84	0.40
LH FPC Thickness	−0.20	−1.09	0.28
LH Language Thickness	0.10	0.67	0.51
LH Hippocampal Volume	0.13	1.65	0.10
*Late Learning (z-score)*
Age	0.11	1.58	0.12
Sex	0.22	3.7	0.0003
Education	0.23	4.03	0.00008
LH DAN Thickness	0.18	1.43	0.15
LH DMN Thickness	−0.07	−0.52	0.60
LH FPC Thickness	0.15	0.91	0.37
LH Language Thickness	0.001	0.008	0.99
LH Hippocampal Volume	0.37	5.3	2.65×10⁻⁷^*
*Delayed Recall (z-score)*
Age	0.17		0.02
Sex	0.08	2.30	0.21
Education	0.19	1.26	0.004
LH DAN Thickness	−0.01	−0.01	0.92
LH DMN Thickness	−0.01	−0.10	0.92
LH FPC Thickness	0.22	1.17	0.24
LH Language Thickness	−0.03	−0.18	0.86
LH Hippocampal Volume	0.35	4.61	7.0 ×10⁻⁶ ^*
*Retention (z-score)*
Age	0.17	2.16	0.03^*
Sex	−0.05	−0.69	0.49
Education	0.10	1.49	0.14
LH DAN Thickness	−0.16	−1.08	0.28
LH DMN Thickness	0.03	0.19	0.85
LH FPC Thickness	0.24	1.24	0.22
LH Language Thickness	−0.09	−0.52	0.60
LH Hippocampal Volume	0.26	3.24	0.001 ^*

indicates significance at a Bonferroni-corrected level of p< 0.005 accounting for the numerous covariates included in the model; significance noted only for measures of interest.