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. 2019 Apr 9;3(3):e047. doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000047

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Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Epidemiology. All rights reserved.

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Figure 1. — Estimated effects on birthweight per IQR increase in a PM_2.5 constituent adjusted for PM_2.5 in Massachusetts from 2001 to 2012 (n = 725,919). PM_2.5 constituents include EC, OC, nitrate, and sulfate. Point estimate and 95% CI per individual constituent are in purple whereas those for PM_2.5 are in teal. Four separate linear models for each of the four constituents were run and included adjustment for PM_2.5 and the following covariates: maternal age, race, marital status, smoking, education, parity, chronic diabetes, gestational diabetes, chronic high blood pressure, high blood pressure during pregnancy, Kessner index of adequacy of prenatal care, mode of delivery, clinical gestational age, year of birth, newborn sex, and Medicaid-supported prenatal care. IQRs (µg/m³): PM_2.5 = 2.0, EC = 0.2, OC = 1.4, nitrate = 0.5, and sulfate = 1.5.