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. 2019 Apr 9;3(3):e047. doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000047

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Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Epidemiology. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0, where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially.

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Figure 2. — Estimated effects on birthweight per IQR increase in PM_2.5, EC, OC, nitrate, and sulfate. PM_2.5 constituents include EC, OC, nitrate, and sulfate in Massachusetts from 2001 to 2012 (n = 725,919). Point estimate and 95% CI per individual constituent are in purple while that per PM_2.5 is in teal. A single multi-constituent linear regression with the four constituents and PM_2.5 was run and included the following covariates: maternal age, race, marital status, smoking, education, parity, chronic diabetes, gestational diabetes, chronic high blood pressure, high blood pressure during pregnancy, Kessner index of adequacy of prenatal care, mode of delivery, clinical gestational age, year of birth, newborn sex, and Medicaid-supported prenatal care. IQRs (µg/m³): PM_2.5 = 2.0, EC = 0.2, OC = 1.4, nitrate = 0.5, and sulfate = 1.5.