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. 2019 Jun 12;286(1904):20182894. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2894

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© 2019 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 3. — (a) Trophic positions (mean ± s.e.) of larvae raised on microbe-deficient (100%SP) and microbe-rich (0%SP) pollen (n = 3 each). Trophic positions of larvae from both treatments were significantly higher than that of strict herbivores (=2.0). Trophic position of larvae raised on microbe-rich pollen was significantly higher than that of larvae raised on microbe-deficient pollen (p = 0.006). Inset panel below shows representative prepupae corresponding to the two treatments at the same scale. High-resolution image of an adult O. ribifloris courtesy of Dr Jim Cane. Photo source: strict herbivore, Ural meridian; strict carnivore, Arne von Brill/Flickr. (b) Concentration of free fatty acids (FFAs) from larvae raised on microbe-deficient (100%SP) and microbe-rich (0%SP) pollen (mean ± 1 s.e.; n = 5 per treatment) (n.d. = not detected). Inset panel represents a single natural pollen provision and the associated egg of O. ribifloris collected from nesting reeds.