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| Group | Material |
| Control (Plastic surface) | - |
| WPC | WPC |
| WPC + ZnO MPs | WPC (70%) + ZnO MPs (30%) |
| WPC + ZnO NPs | WPC (70%) + ZnO NPs (30%) |
| WPC + ZrO 2 MPs | WPC (70%) + ZrO2 MPs (30%) |
| WPC + ZrO 2 NPs | WPC (70%) + ZrO2 NPs (30%) |
White Portland cement (WPC); Zinc oxide (ZnO); Zirconium oxide (ZrO2); Microparticles (MPs); Nanoparticles (NPs)
