Table 1.

Degree of malic acid substitution of native and malic acid-treated corn starches.

Sample	Degree of Substitution
Native starch	0.0004 ± 0.0002 a
130 °C control	0.0002 ± 0.0001 a
pH 1.5 control	0.0383 ± 0.0067 b
pH 1.5 MT	0.2156 ± 0.0103 c
pH 3.5 MT	0.1979 ± 0.0035 d
pH 5.5 MT	0.0897 ± 0.0064 e
pH 7.0 MT	0.0366 ± 0.0071 b
pH 8.5 MT	0.0349 ± 0.0032 b

^a–e The values with different superscripts within a column are significantly different (p < 0.05) by Duncan’s multiple range test. MT, malic acid treatment.