Table 1.
Anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and ultrasonographic characteristics at baseline and after VLCKD. Continuous values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation; distributions are expressed as numbers (%).
| Characteristics of Patients | Baseline (52 pts) |
After VLCKD (52 pts) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Data | |||
| Weight, kg | 122 ± 24 | 115 ± 23 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 44.7 ± 8.3 | 42 ± 8 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 130 ± 16 | 122 ± 15 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 80 ± 16 | 74 ± 10 | 0.004 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 130 ± 19 | 124 ± 17 | <0.001 |
| Hip circumference, cm | 135 ± 15 | 127 ± 23 | <0.001 |
| Bioimpedance Analysis | |||
| Fat mass, % | 47 ± 7 | 45 ± 6 | <0.001 |
| Fat mass, Kg | 57 ± 14 | 52 ± 13 | <0.001 |
| Biochemical Parameters | |||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 191 ± 30 | 159 ± 25 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 110 ± 21 | 88 ± 20 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 50 ± 15 M: 42 ± 11 F: 54 ± 16 |
45 ± 12 M: 40 ± 12 F: 48 ± 11 |
0.002 0.321 0.006 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 155 ± 95 | 121 ± 63 | <0.001 |
| GOT, IU/L | 26.4 ± 13 | 29.1 ± 13 | 0.037 |
| GPT, IU/L | 32.6 ± 20 | 39.3 ± 27 | 0.016 |
| γGT, IU/L | 38.5 ± 31 | 25.9 ± 14 | <0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 105 ± 29 | 95 ± 18 | 0.007 |
| Insulin, mU/mL | 23.4 ± 22.6 | 14.3 ± 10.5 | <0.001 |
| HOMA index | 6.3 ± 7.1 | 3.6 ± 3.3 | <0.001 |
| Ultrasound Assessment | |||
| Visceral fat area, cm2 | 264 ± 74 | 235 ± 79 | <0.001 |
| Flow-mediated dilation, % | 11.98 ± 5.7 | 12 ± 5 | 0.920 |
| Liver Steatosis | |||
| No steatosis | 3 (5.9) | 4 (7.8) | <0.001 |
| Grade 1 | 10 (19.6) | 20 (39.2) | |
| Grade 2 | 16 (31.4) | 15 (29.4) | |
| Grade 3 | 23 (43.1) | 12 (23.5) |
LDL—low-density lipoprotein; HDL—high-density lipoprotein; GOT—glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; GPT—glutamic pyruvic transaminase; γGT—gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; HOMA—homeostasis model assessment.