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. 2019 May 21;16(10):1808. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16101808

Table 1.

Definition and summary statistics of the selected variables.

Variables Definition Mean SD 1
Pesticide expenditure Expense on pesticide (Yuan/mu) 2 25.750 28.700
Farm machine use 1 if a household uses farm machines for pesticides application, 0 otherwise 0.576 0.495
Age Age of household head (year) 46.790 10.320
Gender 1 if household head is male, 0 otherwise 0.836 0.371
Education Schooling year of household head (year) 6.779 2.760
Off-farm work 1 if household head participate in off-farm work, 0 otherwise 0.712 0.453
Farming experience Years of household head farming (year) 25.44 10.54
Risk preference Risk preference score (1–10) 3 2.586 1.865
Household size Number of people residing in a household 4.552 1.447
Credit access 1 if farmer has access to credit, 0 otherwise 0.428 0.495
Transportation condition 1 if transportation from the village to the train/bus station is convenient, 0 otherwise 0.753 0.432
Farm size Total farm size used to cultivate maize (mu) 3.514 2.956
Subsidy 1 if household receives the agricultural subsidy, 0 otherwise 0.221 0.415
Extension contact 1 if household receives extension service, 0 otherwise 0.203 0.403
Extension attitude Attitude to the extension service provided by local government (1–5) 4 2.673 1.152
Project 1 if the village executes the environment improvement project, 0 otherwise 0.807 0.395
Gansu 1 if household resides in Gansu, 0 otherwise 0.327 0.469
Henan 1 if household resides in Henan, 0 otherwise 0.345 0.476
Shandong 1 if household resides in Shandong, 0 otherwise 0.329 0.470

Note: 1 SD = standard deviation; 2 Yuan is Chinese currency, 1 USD = 6.70 Yuan in 2017; 1 mu = 0.067 hectare; 3 response option for the risk preference was a self-reported score scaling from 1 very risk-averse to 10 very risk-taking; 4 response option for the extension attitude was: 5 very useful, 4 useful, 3 a little useful, 2 useless, and 1 very useless.