Table 3.
Estimated daily dietary intake (mean ± SD) during fifteen days before Ramadan, the last ten days of Ramadan and twenty days after Ramadan.
| Before Ramadan | End of Ramadan | After Ramadan | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total energy intake (MJ/day) | 11.2 ± 2.0 | 10.7 ± 1.2 | 10.4 ± 2.3 |
| Carbohydrate (g/kg/day) | 4.7 ± 1.0 | 4.2 ± 1.1 | 4.5 ± 1.2 |
| Protein intake (g/kg/day) | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ±0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
| Total fat intake (g/kg/day) | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.4 |
| Saturated fat (%) | 27.9 ± 4.1 | 26.7 ± 3.1 | 30.2 ± 5.4 |
| Monounsaturated fat (%) | 50.7 ± 6.8 | 51.4 ± 6.9 | 50.8 ± 6.9 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (%) | 19.1 ± 6.7 | 21.7 ± 8.2 | 18.1 ± 6.2 |
| Saccharose (g) | 38.9 ± 17.9 | 37.9 ± 40.5 | 36.4 ± 21.8 |
| Cholesterol (g) | 433.9 ± 163.7 | 463.6 ± 191.6 | 407.9 ± 172.0 |
| Potassium (mg) | 2375.8 ± 562.8 | 2216.8 ± 750.4 | 2531.4 ± 567.4 |
| Sodium (mg) | 4464.5 ± 2075.8 | 5199.6 ± 2311.3 | 3685.4 ± 2123.1 |
| Magnesium (mg) | 226.4 ± 62.2 | 201.8 ± 47.0 | 241.1 ± 61.9 |
| Iron (mg) | 12.0 ± 3.2 | 13.7 ± 4.8 | 10.9 ± 2.2 |
| Zinc (mg) | 10.3 ± 3.2 | 9.5 ± 3.2 | 9.5 ± 2.3 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 8.1 ± 2.9 | 8.0 ± 2.1 | 7.1 ± 3.1 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
| Calcium (mg) | 679.1 ± 366.6 | 684.3 ± 227.9 | 577.4 ± 194.7 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 1309.2 ± 350.6 | 1174.4 ± 235.9 | 1168.2 ± 258.0 |
| Folate (mg) | 208.4 ± 58.7 | 197.9 ± 97.8 | 207.1 ± 71.8 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 50.1 ± 28.2 | 34.6 ± 27.5 | 48.1 ± 30.7 |
| Fibers (mg) | 16.7 ± 5.1 | 13.4 ± 5.4 | 16.2 ± 5.7 |